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Right sizing at deployment time is typically a good investment compared to greater touch costs required to expand disk storage after deployment. On domain controllers that you plan to upgrade, make sure that the drive that hosts the Active Directory database NTDS. DIT file before you begin the operating system upgrade.

If there is insufficient free disk space on the volume, the upgrade can fail and the upgrade compatibility report returns an error indicating insufficient free disk space:.

In this case, you can try an offline defragmentation of the Active Directory database to recapture additional space, and then retry the upgrade. In previous releases, Windows Server editions differed in their support of server roles, processor counts and large memory support. The Standard and Datacenter editions of Windows Server support all features and underlying hardware but vary in their virtualization rights - two virtual instances are allowed for Standard edition and unlimited virtual instances are allowed for Datacenter edition.

The following Windows client and Windows Server operating systems are supported for domain member computers with domain controllers that run Windows Server or later:. You cannot upgrade domain controllers that run Windows Server or bit versions of Windows Server To replace them, install domain controllers that run a later version of Windows Server in the domain, and then remove the domain controllers that Windows Server Note that you cannot convert a domain controller that runs an evaluation version of Windows Server directly to a retail version.

Instead, install an additional domain controller on a server that runs a retail version and remove AD DS from the domain controller that runs on the evaluation version. Due to a known issue, you cannot upgrade a domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2 to a Server Core installation of Windows Server The upgrade will hang on a solid black screen late in the upgrade process. Rebooting such DCs exposes an option in boot.

An additional reboot triggers the automatic rollback to the previous operating system version. Until a solution is available, it is recommended that you install a new domain controller running a Server Core installation of Windows Server instead of in-place upgrading an existing domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2.

For more information, see KB article Windows Server requires a Windows Server forest functional level. That is, before you can add a domain controller that runs Windows Server to an existing Active Directory forest, the forest functional level must be Windows Server or higher.

This means that domain controllers that run Windows Server R2, Windows Server , or Windows Server can operate in the same forest, but domain controllers that run Windows Server are not supported and will block installation of a domain controller that runs Windows Server If the forest contains domain controllers running Windows Server or later but the forest functional level is still Windows , the installation is also blocked.

Windows domain controllers must be removed prior to adding Windows Server domain controllers to your forest. In this case, consider the following workflow:. The new Windows Server domain functional level enables one new feature: the KDC support for claims, compound authentication, and Kerberos armoring KDC administrative template policy has two settings Always provide claims and Fail unarmored authentication requests that require Windows Server domain functional level.

The Windows Server forest functional level does not provide any new features, but it ensures that any new domain created in the forest will automatically operate at the Windows Server domain functional level. The Windows Server domain functional level does not provide other new features beyond KDC support for claims, compound authentication, and Kerberos armoring.

But it ensures that any domain controller in the domain runs Windows Server After you set the forest functional level to a certain value, you cannot roll back or lower the forest functional level, with the following exceptions: after you raise the forest functional level to Windows Server , you can lower it to Windows Server R2. If the forest functional level is set to Windows Server R2 , it cannot be rolled back, for example, to Windows Server After you set the domain functional level to a certain value, you cannot roll back or lower the domain functional level, with the following exceptions: when you raise the domain functional level to Windows Server R2 or Windows Server , and if the forest functional level is Windows Server or lower, you have the option of rolling the domain functional level back to Windows Server or Windows Server R2.

If the domain functional level is set to Windows Server R2 , it cannot be rolled back, for example, to Windows Server Beyond functional levels, a domain controller that runs Windows Server provides additional features that are not available on a domain controller that runs an earlier version of Windows Server. For example, a domain controller that runs Windows Server can be used for virtual domain controller cloning, whereas a domain controller that runs an earlier version of Windows Server cannot.

But virtual domain controller cloning and virtual domain controller safeguards in Windows Server do not have any functional level requirements. Microsoft Exchange Server requires a forest functional level of Windows server or higher. AD DS cannot be installed on a server that also runs the following server roles or role services:. Though they are not operations master roles, another change in AD DS installation is that DNS server role and the global catalog are installed by default on all domain controllers that run Windows Server Our Customer Stories start with a need to improve the way a company does business and end in a proven solution that strategically integrates devices and services.

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As Azure continues to grow, we want to keep you informed—so that we can plan for the future together. This product roadmap is the place to find out what's new and what's coming next. The public product roadmap provides a glimpse into what will be made available in the next wave of product updates. Windows allows you to easily link PCs on your home network so that you can share pictures, music, videos, documents, and devices.

It also enables PCs to stream media to devices on your home network such as a media extender. These PCs and devices are your homegroup. You can help protect your homegroup with a password, and you can choose what you want to share.

You can access your own files, such as pictures, videos, music, and documents, from any PC in the homegroup. When you join a homegroup, account information including email address, display name, and picture for all Microsoft accounts on your PC will be shared with others in the homegroup in order to enable sharing with those users.

The information collected allows PCs in your homegroup to understand who to share content with and how to present it. You have the ability to add or remove PCs from your homegroup and decide what is shared with other homegroup members. You can create a homegroup and manage its settings by going to HomeGroup in PC settings. Depending on the IME you use, and your settings, the auto-tuning and text suggestion features of IME might record words or word sequences to improve the selection of the ideograms displayed.

The IME auto-tuning self-learning and text suggestion features record a word or sequence of words and the frequency with which you use them. If you choose to send this data to Microsoft, it is used to improve IME and related products and services.

Except for the Simplified Chinese IME in which the prediction feature is off by default , the automatic learning and text suggestion features are on by default in those IMEs that support them.

The data collected isn't sent automatically to Microsoft. You can choose whether or not to collect or send this data in Language in Control Panel. If errors in presenting ideograms or in converting keyboard input to ideograms occur, this feature can collect information about the errors that can help Microsoft improve its products and services.

IME Conversion Error Reporting collects information about IME conversion errors, such as what you typed, the first conversion or prediction result, the string you chose instead, information about the IME you use, and information about how you use it. In addition, if you use the Japanese IME, you can choose to include automatic learning information in conversion error reports. Microsoft uses the information to improve our products and services.

After a certain number of conversion errors are stored, the Mis-Conversion Report Tool will ask whether you want to send a conversion error report. You can view the information contained in each report before choosing whether to send it. You can also enable automatic sending of conversion error reports in IME Settings. Depending on the IME you use, you might be able to use word registration to report unsupported words words that might not be converted correctly to ideograms from keyboard input.

Registration reports can include the information you provide in the Add Word dialog box about the words being reported, and the software version number for an IME.

These reports might include personal information, for example, if you add personal names using word registration. You have the opportunity to review the data being sent with each report before you choose to send it. Microsoft uses the information to help improve our products and services. You can view the information contained in the report before choosing whether to send it.

This feature sends a single report to Microsoft containing basic information about your PC and how you installed Windows 8. Microsoft uses this information to help improve the installation experience and to create solutions to common installation problems.

The report generally includes information about your installation experience, such as the date of installation, the time it took for each installation phase to complete, whether the installation was an upgrade or a new installation of the product, version details, operating system language, media type, PC configuration, and success or failure status, along with any error codes.

If you choose to participate in the Installation Improvement Program, the report is sent to Microsoft when you're connected to the Internet. The GUID lets us determine which data is sent from a particular computer over time. The GUID doesn't contain any personal information and isn't used to identify you. Microsoft and our partners use the report to help improve our products and services.

You can choose to participate in this program when you install Windows 8 by selecting I want to help make the installation of Windows better. When you print using this feature, you must first connect and authenticate yourself to an Internet print server.

The information that you'll need to submit to the print server will vary depending on the level of security that the print server supports for example, you might be asked to provide a user name and password. The information collected enables you to print using remote printers. If you send information to a third-party print server, use of the information will be subject to the third party's privacy practices.

You can enable or disable Internet printing by opening Programs and Features in Control Panel, and then selecting Turn Windows features on or off. You can add the languages you prefer to use to your language list in Windows 8. Apps and websites appear in the first language available in that list. When you visit websites and install apps on your PC, your list of preferred languages is sent to the websites you visit and is available to the apps you use so they can provide content in your preferred languages.

Microsoft doesn't use any language information to identify or contact you. Language information sent or used by third-party websites and apps is subject to the privacy practices of the third-party website or app publisher.

Your list of preferred languages is available to the apps you install and websites you visit. You can add or remove languages from this list in Language preferences in Control Panel.

On PCs running Windows, "location services" refers to the Windows software and Microsoft online service that are used to determine the approximate physical location of your PC, which is provided to apps or websites that you allow to access it. For example, you can install devices such as a GPS receiver that might send location information directly to an app and entirely bypass the platform. Apps that are authorized to use the platform to determine your location could also transmit or store that information.

If you enable the Windows Location Platform, authorized apps will be able to access your location and use it to give you personalized content. If you choose to customize settings, you can control the Windows Location Platform by selecting Turn on Windows Location Platform so apps can ask users for their location under Share info with apps.

Each user can control their own location settings for all apps in Privacy in PC settings. In addition, administrators can choose to turn off the Windows Location Platform for all users in Location in Control Panel. The Windows Location Provider will first check to see if it has a list of Wi—Fi access points stored from a prior request by a location-aware app. If there isn't already a list of nearby Wi—Fi access points, or if the list is out of date, the provider sends information about nearby Wi—Fi access points and GPS information if available to the Microsoft Location Service.

Windows Location Provider may also update its stored list of Wi—Fi access points. This list of access points is encrypted when stored on disk so that apps can't directly access it. The GPS information includes observed latitude, longitude, direction, speed, and altitude. The information is used by the Windows Location Provider to give Windows Location Platform the approximate location of your PC when an authorized app requests it.

For more information about how to control whether apps can request your PC's location, see the Windows Location Platform section. If you authorize apps to request your PC's location, the cached list of nearby Wi-Fi access point locations that are encrypted and stored by the Windows Location Provider will be deleted and replaced periodically.

If you choose express settings while setting up Windows, you choose to help improve the Microsoft Location Service. If you choose to customize settings, you can control whether to help improve the Microsoft Location Service by selecting Help improve Microsoft services by sending some location data when location-aware apps are used under Send Microsoft info to help make Windows and apps better. To provide personalized content, apps can request your name and account picture from Windows.

Your name and account picture are displayed under Your account in Users in PC settings. If you sign in to Windows with a Microsoft account, Windows will use the name and account picture associated with that account. If you allow apps to access your name and account picture, Windows will provide that information to all apps that request it.

Apps might store or transmit this information. If you sign in to Windows with a domain account, and you choose to allow apps to use your name and account picture, apps that can use your Windows credentials will be allowed to access certain other forms of your domain account information. This information includes, for example, your user principal name like jack contoso. If you sign in to Windows with a Microsoft account, or if you sign in to Windows with a domain account connected to a Microsoft account, Windows can automatically sync your account picture on your PC with your Microsoft account picture.

If you choose express settings while setting up Windows, Windows will allow apps to access your name and account picture. If you choose to customize settings, you can control access to your name and account picture by selecting Let apps use my name and account picture under Share info with apps. After setting up Windows, you can change this setting in Privacy in PC settings. You can change your account picture in Personalize in PC settings.

You can also choose to allow certain apps to change your account picture. If you have a subscription plan for network access for example, via a mobile broadband connection , this feature provides information about your subscription plan to apps and Windows features on your PC.

Windows features and apps can use this information to optimize their behavior. This feature also provides information about your network connection, such as signal strength and whether your PC is connected to the Internet. This feature collects Internet and intranet network connectivity information, such as the Domain Name Service DNS suffix of your PC, network name, and gateway address of the networks that your PC connects to.

This feature also receives subscription plan information such as the amount of data remaining in the plan. Network connectivity profiles can include a history of all networks visited and the date and time of the last connection.

This feature can attempt to connect to a Microsoft server to determine whether you're connected to the Internet. The only data sent to Microsoft during network connectivity checks is standard PC information.

If data is sent to Microsoft, it is only used to provide network connectivity status. Network connectivity status is made available to apps and features on your PC that request network connectivity information.

If you use a third-party app, use of the information collected will be subject to the third party's privacy practices. Network Awareness is on by default.

Disabling this feature isn't recommended because it will prevent some Windows features from functioning properly. Windows Store apps can automatically receive content and display notifications in several ways.

They can, for example, receive notifications that are displayed briefly in the corner of the screen or on app tiles if those tiles are pinned to Start. The lock screen can display detailed or brief status for certain apps as well. App publishers can send content to your Windows Store apps through the Windows Push Notification Service running on Microsoft servers, or the apps can download information directly from third-party servers.

Windows Store apps can deliver periodic or real-time information to you that will be displayed briefly as notifications in the corner of the screen. Apps can display text, images, or both in notifications.

The contents of notifications can be provided locally by the app for example, an alarm from a clock app. Notifications can also be sent from an app's online service through the Windows Push Notification Service for example, a social network update. Images displayed in notifications may be downloaded directly from a server specified by the app publisher; when that happens, standard computer information will be sent to that server.

Microsoft only uses notification information to deliver notifications from your apps to you. You can turn off notifications for all apps or for individual apps in Notifications in PC settings. Some apps can display status and notifications on the screen when your PC is locked. Lock screen apps could also transmit or process other information unrelated to notifications and updates.

Windows uses the status and notification information provided by the lock screen apps to update the lock screen. After you set up Windows, the Mail, Calendar, and Messaging apps are automatically set as lock screen apps. You can add or remove these or other apps from the lock screen in Personalize in PC Settings. You can also choose one app to persistently display detailed status for example, details for the next appointment on your calendar on the lock screen.

You can control whether lock screen apps can display notifications on the lock screen in Notifications in PC settings. Store apps that are pinned to Start can update their tiles with text, images, or both.

If tile content is downloaded directly from a server specified by the app publisher, standard computer information will be sent to that server. Microsoft only uses tile information to deliver tile updates from your apps to you. To clear the current updates displayed on your Start tiles, swipe from the right side or point to the upper right corner of Start, tap or click Settings , and then tap or click Tiles.

Tap or click the Clear button under Clear personal info from my tiles. Tile updates delivered after you clear the current updates will continue to appear.

Order Prints enables you to send digital pictures stored on your PC or a network drive to an online photo printing service of your choice. Depending on the service, you can have your pictures printed and then delivered using postal mail or you can pick up the prints at a local store. If you decide to place an order with an online photo printing service, your digital photos are sent over the Internet to the service that you selected.

The file path to the digital pictures that you select which might include your user name might be sent to the service in order to allow the service to display and upload the images.

Digital picture files might contain data about the image that was stored with the file by the camera, such as the date and time that the picture was taken or the location where the picture was taken if your camera has GPS capabilities. The files might also contain personal information such as captions that might have been associated with the file through the use of digital picture management apps and Windows Explorer.

For more information, see the Properties section below. Information you enter on the online photo printing services website is transmitted to the service.

The information stored in the digital picture files by the camera might be used by the online photo printing service during the printing process, for example, to adjust the color or sharpness of the image before it is printed.

Information stored by digital picture management apps might be used by the online photo printing service to print as captions on the front or back of the print copy. You can use Order Prints to choose which pictures to send and which service to use to print your pictures. Some picture management apps might be able to help you remove stored personal information before sending pictures to be printed.

You might also be able to edit the properties of the file to remove stored personal information. If an incompatibility problem is found with an app that you try to run, Program Compatibility Assistant will try to help you resolve it. If an incompatibility problem is found with an app you attempt to run, a report is generated that includes information such as the app name, app version, the needed compatibility settings, and your actions with the app so far.

Error reports are used to provide you with responses to problems that you report for your apps. Responses contain links when available to the app publisher's website so you can learn more about possible solutions. Error reports created due to app failures are used to try to determine which setting to adjust when you encounter compatibility problems for the apps that you're running on this version of Windows. Information reported through CEIP is used to identify app compatibility problems.

For problems reported through Windows Error Reporting, an error report is created only when you select the option to check online for a solution. Unless you have previously consented to report problems automatically so you can check for solutions, you're asked if you want to send the error report. For more information, see the Windows Error Reporting section.

Properties are file information that allow you to quickly search and organize your files. Some properties are intrinsic to the file for example, the size of the file while others might be specific to an app or device for example, the settings of your camera when you took a photo or the location data recorded by the camera for the photo.

The type of information stored will depend upon the type of file and the apps that use it. Examples of properties include file name, date modified, file size, author, keywords, and comments.

Properties are stored in the file, and they move with the file if it is moved or copied to another location, such as a file share, or sent as an email attachment. Properties can help you more quickly search and organize your files. They can also be used by apps to perform app-specific tasks. You can edit or remove some properties for a file by selecting the file in Windows Explorer and clicking Properties.

For app-specific properties, you can edit or remove them only if the app used to generate the file supports these features.

If your PC has near-field communication NFC hardware, you can physically tap it against another device with NFC hardware to share links, files, and other information. There are two types of proximity connections: Tap and Do and Tap and Hold. With Tap and Hold, the connection is active only as long as the devices are held next to each other. When you tap proximity enabled devices together, they exchange information to establish a connection with each other.

Depending on the way the devices are configured, this data can include Bluetooth and Wi—Fi network addresses, and the name of your PC. Windows can send files, links, and other information between devices using a proximity connection. Apps that use proximity can send and receive any information they have access to. This information might be sent through your network or Internet connection, or directly through a device-to-device wireless connection.

Network and PC information exchanged over a proximity connection is used to establish a network connection, and to identify the devices connecting to each other.

Data transferred through a proximity connection initiated within an app can be used by that app in any way. Near field proximity service is on by default. An administrator can disable it using the options provided in Devices and Printers in Control Panel. Windows Tap and Send makes it easy to share selected information with a friend standing next to you or with another one of your devices such as a mobile phone. The next device you tap will receive a link to the webpage currently being displayed.

This also works with any app that supports sharing information, such as pictures, text, or files. Tap and Send uses the information you're sharing and the information described in the Near field proximity service section above.

This information is only used to create the connection between the two devices. If Near field proximity service is enabled, Tap and Send is also enabled. For more information, see the Near field proximity service section. VPN technologies allow users to connect to a private network, such as a corporate network, over the Internet.

A Remote Access connections component, Dial-up Networking, allows you to access the Internet using a dial-up modem or broadband technology such as a cable modem or a digital subscriber line DSL. The dialer components collect information from your PC such as your user name, password, and domain name. This information is sent to the system that you're attempting to connect with.

To help protect your privacy and the security of your PC, security-related information such as your user name and password are encrypted and stored on your PC. Dialer information is used to help your PC connect to the Internet. A remote access server might keep the user name and IP address information for accounting and compliance purposes, but no information is sent to Microsoft.

For non-command-line dialers, you can choose to save your password by selecting Save this user name and password. You can clear that option at any time to delete the previously saved password from the dialer. Because this option is turned off by default, you might be prompted to provide your password to connect to the Internet or a network. For command-line dialers like rasdial, there is no option to save your password.

RemoteApp and Desktop Connections let you access apps and desktops on remote PCs that have been made available online for remote access. When you enable a connection, configuration files are downloaded to your PC from the remote URL you specify. These configuration files link apps and desktops on remote PCs so that you can run them from your PC.

Your PC will automatically check for and download updates to these configuration files periodically. These apps run on remote PCs, and information you enter into the apps is transmitted across the network to the remote PCs you chose to connect with.

Updates to configuration files might include settings changes including providing you with access to new apps; however, new apps will run only if you choose to run them. This feature also sends information to the remote PCs on which the remote apps run.

You can choose whether you want to use RemoteApp and Desktop Connections. You can also use your email address to retrieve the Connection URL. You can remove a connection and its connection files by clicking Remove on the connections description dialog box. If you disconnect a connection without closing all open apps, these apps will remain open on the remote PC. Remote Desktop connection provides a way for you to establish a remote connection with a host PC that is running Remote Desktop Services.

These settings include the name of your domain and connection configuration settings, such as remote PC name, user name, display information, local device information, audio information, clipboard, connection settings, remote app names, and session icon or thumbnail. Credentials for these connections, Remote Desktop Gateway credentials, and a list of trusted Remote Desktop Gateway server names are stored locally on your PC.

This list is stored permanently unless it is deleted by an administrator. Information collected by Remote Desktop connection allows you to connect to host PCs running Remote Desktop Services using your preferred settings. User name, password, and domain information are collected to allow you to save your connection settings and to enable you to double-click an RDP file or click a favorite to launch a connection without having to re-enter this information.

You can choose if you want to use Remote Desktop connection. If you use it, your RDP files and Remote Desktop connection favorites contain information required to connect to a remote PC, including the options and settings that were configured when the connection was automatically saved.

You can customize RDP files and favorites, including files for connecting to the same PC with different settings. A Microsoft account formerly known as Windows Live ID is a single email address and password you can use as your sign-in info to sign in to apps, sites, and services from Microsoft and select Microsoft partners. You can sign up for a Microsoft account in Windows or on Microsoft websites that require you to sign in with a Microsoft account.

You can choose to sign in to Windows with a Microsoft account or choose to connect your local or domain account to a Microsoft account. If you do this, Windows can help make your PCs look and feel the same by automatically syncing settings and info in Windows and Microsoft apps. If you go to the sign-in page of those websites, it will also automatically sign you in to websites that use Microsoft accounts to sign in.

If you already use that email address as a Microsoft account, you can use it and the password for the Microsoft account to sign in to Windows. When you are signed in to Windows with your Microsoft account or with a domain account connected to your Microsoft account:. Certain Windows settings will sync between the PCs that you sign in to with a Microsoft account. For more information about what settings are synced and how to control them, see the Sync your settings section.

Microsoft apps that use a Microsoft account for authentication like Mail, Calendar, Photos, People, Messaging, OneDrive, Microsoft Office, and other apps can automatically begin downloading your info for example, the Mail app will automatically download the messages sent to your Outlook.

Web browsers can automatically sign you in to websites that you sign in to with your Microsoft account for example, if you visit OneDrive. Windows will ask your permission before allowing third-party apps to use profile information or other personal information associated with your Microsoft account. Because domain administrators are able to access any information on your PC, they will also be able to access any settings and info you have chosen to sync with other PCs through your Microsoft account.

This can include settings such as name, account picture, and browser history. No differences between a server with AD or not. It was a great joy for me! What about Domain controller? After reboot, install the ADDS role and promote server to a domain controller. Starting to update components… Starting to install product key… Finished installing product key. An error occurred while operating system components were being updated. The upgrade cannot proceed.

For more information, review the log file. Please help. Great article, big thanks! After a couple tries, de-activating the network card really did the trick. I was starting to feel uneasy thinking how it took 3 whole days for our software vendor to install their product and configure it fully, just to get stuck with the activation afterwards….

Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. You can also subscribe without commenting. Leave this field empty. Home About. There is an unofficial way to downgrade Windows Server edition from Datacenter to Standard. Enable and Configure Offline Files on Windows Related Reading.

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